Representation

You may have contracted with a company employee or someone acting for another person. Their authority determines whom the transaction binds. A business card or title alone does not establish unlimited authority for every transaction.

The Source and Scope of Authority

Under Articles 40 et seq. of the Turkish Code of Obligations, disclosure of acting for another and possession of authority matter. Powers of attorney, company representation records, and special instructions must be examined. Price setting, acknowledgment, settlement, or property transactions may require special authority. The distinction between internal instructions and authority represented externally must also be assessed.

Consequences of Unauthorised Acts

Where authority is absent or exceeded, subsequent ratification must be investigated. Payment or acceptance of delivery by the represented person may matter according to the circumstances, but not every silence is approval. The unauthorised representative's liability and the principal's debt have different legal bases; the correct claim must be directed to the correct person.

Which Documents Are Read Before Litigation?

The contractual signature, trade registry, authorised-signature circular, power of attorney, and correspondence must be compared. Authority at the transaction date is particularly important. Whether a later document covers earlier acts requires separate assessment. We establish the representation chain and explain against whom debt, performance, and possible compensation claims may be directed.

Documents That May Be Prepared for the Initial Review

• Authority documents at the transaction date
• The signed contract
• Trade registry and business-name records
• Ratification or objection correspondence

Submit Your Matter

File review and representation are paid services. Scope and fees are agreed in writing before work begins.