Interpretation of a Contract

A sentence understood differently by the parties may become central to a dispute. Its meaning is not determined solely by one word's dictionary definition. The parties' actual common intention, whole text, contractual purpose, and transaction circumstances must be examined together.

The Whole Contract Rather Than One Clause

Under Article 19 of the Turkish Code of Obligations, labels alone do not determine the contract's type and content. Price, delivery, acceptance, termination, and risk terms must be read together. Whether an addendum alters the main text also matters. Different technical uses of the same word may require specialist examination of context.

Negotiation and Performance Conduct

Pre-contract offers, express statements, and subsequent performance may help establish meaning. A later unilateral statement does not automatically change earlier common intention. Special interpretation rules govern unclear standard terms. If versions in different languages differ, the governing version and translation context require separate examination.

The Effect of Interpretation on the Claim

The price, date, or obligation affected by the disputed clause must be shown clearly. Each interpretation's contractual basis must be established rather than merely listing legal views. We also consider the other party's likely reading, explaining in the written opinion the meaning supported by strong documents and remaining uncertainties.

Documents That May Be Prepared for the Initial Review

• The full text and all annexes
• Offer and negotiation records
• Performance and acceptance documents
• Any versions in other languages

Submit Your Matter

File review and representation are paid services. Scope and fees are agreed in writing before work begins.